SECTION 3 – DEFINITIONS

3.A.1 Ball In PlayThe point in time when the referee or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to call the score. – The timeframe during which a rallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault. is played, from the hit of the ball to make the serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally. until the ball becomes dead. (See also 3.A.20 “Live BallThe point in time when the referee or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to call the score.”)

3.A.2 CarryHitting the ball in such a way that it does not bounce away from the paddle but is carried along on the face of the paddle. – Hitting the ball in such a way that it does not bounce away from the paddle but is carried along on the face of the paddle.

3.A.3 CoachingCommunication of any information, including verbal, nonverbal, and electronic, from someone other than a player’s partner, that a player or team may act upon to gain an advantage or help them avoid a rules violation. – Communication of any information, including verbal, nonverbal, and electronic, from someone other than a player’s partner, that a player or team may act upon to gain an advantage or help them avoid a rules violation.

3.A.4 CourtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. – The area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines.

3.A.5 Cross-CourtThe court diagonally opposite of the court from which the ball was last struck. – The courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. diagonally opposite of the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. from which the ball was last struck.

3.A.6 Dead BallA ball that is no longer in play. – A ball that is noA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also... longer in playThe point in time when the referee or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to call the score..

3.A.7 DistractionPhysical actions by a player that are ‘not common to the game’ that, in the judgment of the referee, may interfere with the opponent’s ability or concentration to hit the ball. Examples include, but are not limited to, making loud noises, stomping feet, waving the paddle in a distracting manner or otherwise interfering with the opponent’s concentration or ability to... – Physical actions by a player that are ‘not common to the game’ that, in the
judgment of the refereeAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., may interfere with the opponent’s ability or concentration to hit the
ball. Examples include, but are not limited to, making loud noises, stomping feet, waving the
paddle in a distracting manner or otherwise interfering with the opponent’s concentration or
ability to hit the ball.

3.A.8 Double BounceWhen the ball bounces twice on one side before it is returned. – When the ball bounces twice on one side before it is returned.

3.A.9 Double HitHitting the ball twice before it is returned. – Hitting the ball twice before it is returned.

3.A.10 EjectionA behavior violation so flagrant that it warrants ejection from the tournament by the Tournament Director. The player may stay at the venue but may no longer play in any matches. – A behavior violation so flagrant that it warrants ejectionA behavior violation so flagrant that it warrants ejection from the tournament by the Tournament Director. The player may stay at the venue but may no longer play in any matches. from the tournament
by the Tournament Director. The player may stay at the venue but may noA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also... longer play in
any matches.

3.A.11 Expulsion – A behavior violation so flagrant that the Tournament Director prohibits the player from playing in any current and any future brackets of the tournament. In addition, the player shall leave the venue immediately and not return for the remainder of the tournament.

3.A.12   FaultA rules violation that results in a dead ball and the end of the rally. – A rules violation that results in a dead ballA ball that is no longer in play. and/or the end of the rallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault..

3.A.13   First ServerIn doubles, the player who shall serve from the right/even service court after a side out, according to the team’s score. – In doubles, the player who shall serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally. from the right/even service courtThe area on either side of the centerline, including the centerline, sideline, and baseline, excluding the NVZ. after a side outThe awarding of the serve to the opposing team after a singles player or doubles team loses its serve., according to the team’s score.

3.A.14  Forfeit – An egregious behavior violation or a combination of technical warnings and/or technical fouls that result in either a game or match being awarded to the opponent.

3.A.15  GroundstrokeA strike of the ball after the ball has bounced. – A strike of the ball after the ball has bounced.

3.A.16 HinderAny transient element or occurrence not caused by a player that adversely impacts play, not including permanent objects. Examples include, but are not limited to, balls, flying insects, foreign material, players or officials on another court that, in the opinion of the referee, impacted a player’s ability to make a play on the ball. – Any transient element or occurrence not caused by a player that adversely impacts play, not including permanent objects. Examples include, but are not limited to, balls, flying insects, foreign material, players or officials on another courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. that, in the opinion of the refereeAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., impacted a player’s ability to make a play on the ball.

3.A.17   Imaginary extensionA term used to describe where a line would extend if it projected beyond its current end point. Players and referees are to project where the line would extend if it were not limited to the boundaries of the playing area. – A term used to describe where a line would extend if it projected beyond its current end point. Players and referees are to project where the line would extend if it were not limited to the boundaries of the playing area.

3.A.18     Left/Odd CourtThe service area on the left side of the court, when facing the net. The starting server in doubles or the singles server should be positioned on the left/odd side of the court when their score is odd. – The service area on the leftThe service area on the left side of the court, when facing the net. The starting server in doubles or the singles server should be positioned on the left/odd side of the court when their score is odd. side of the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines., when facing the net. The starting serverFor each doubles team, the player designated to serve first at the start of the game. In doubles tournament play, the starting server shall wear a visible form of identification determined by the Tournament Director. in doubles or the singles serverThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server. should be positioned on the leftThe service area on the left side of the court, when facing the net. The starting server in doubles or the singles server should be positioned on the left/odd side of the court when their score is odd./odd side of the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. when their score is oddThe service area on the left side of the court, when facing the net. The starting server in doubles or the singles server should be positioned on the left/odd side of the court when their score is odd..

3.A.19     Line CallA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also... – A loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the refereeAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court. and/or players that a live ballThe point in time when the referee or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to call the score. has not touched in the required courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. space. The preferred word to indicate a line callA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also... is “OUTA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also...”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line callA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also.... Words such as “wideA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also...”, “longA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also...”, “noA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also...”, “deepA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also...” are also acceptable.

3.A.20    Live BallThe point in time when the referee or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to call the score.: – The point in time when the refereeAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court. or serverThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server. (or server’s partner per rule 4.D.1) starts to call the score. (See also 3.A.1 “Ball in PlayThe point in time when the referee or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to call the score.”)

3.A.21    MomentumMomentum is a property of a body in motion, such as a player executing a volley, that causes the player to continue in motion after contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces momentum that ends when the player regains balance and control of their motion or stops moving toward the non-volley zone. – MomentumMomentum is a property of a body in motion, such as a player executing a volley, that causes the player to continue in motion after contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces momentum that ends when the player regains balance and control of their motion or stops moving toward the non-volley zone. is a property of a body in motionMomentum is a property of a body in motion, such as a player executing a volley, that causes the player to continue in motion after contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces momentum that ends when the player regains balance and control of their motion or stops moving toward the non-volley zone., such as a player executing a volleyDuring a rally, a strike of the ball out of the air before the ball has bounced., that causes the player to continue in motionMomentum is a property of a body in motion, such as a player executing a volley, that causes the player to continue in motion after contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces momentum that ends when the player regains balance and control of their motion or stops moving toward the non-volley zone. after contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces momentumMomentum is a property of a body in motion, such as a player executing a volley, that causes the player to continue in motion after contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces momentum that ends when the player regains balance and control of their motion or stops moving toward the non-volley zone. that ends when the player regains balance and control of their motion or stops moving toward the non-volley zoneThe 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.).

3.A.22   Non-Volley Zone (NVZ)The 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.) – The 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. relating to NVZThe 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.) faults. All lines bounding the NVZThe 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.) are part of the NVZThe 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.). The NVZThe 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.) is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surfaceThe court and the area surrounding the court designated for playing.   [quads id=10]. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.)

3.A.23    Officiating team – Personnel under the leadership of the Tournament Head Referee on or off the playing surfaceThe court and the area surrounding the court designated for playing.   [quads id=10], including Lead and Second Referees, Tracking Referee, Video ReplayAny rally that is restarted for any reason without the awarding of a point or a change of server. Referee, and Line JudgesAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court..

3.A.24     Paddle Grip AdjustmentsNon-mechanical devices that change the size of the grip or stabilize the hand on the grip. – Non-mechanical devices that change the size of the grip or stabilize the hand on the grip.

3.A.25     Paddle HeadThe paddle, excluding the handle. – The paddle, excluding the handle.

3.A.26     Permanent ObjectAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court. – Any object on or near the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines., including hanging over the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines., that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceilingAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., wallsAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., fencingAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., lighting fixturesAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., net postsAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., net post legsAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., the stands and seats for spectatorsAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., the refereeAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., line judgesAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., spectators when in their recognized positionsAny object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court., and all other objects around and above the court.Any object on or near the court, including hanging over the court, that can interfere with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling, walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee, line judges, spectators when in their recognized positions, and all other objects around and above the court.

3.A.27     Plane of the NetThe imaginary vertical planes on all sides extending beyond the net system. – The imaginary vertical planesThe imaginary vertical planes on all sides extending beyond the net system. on all sides extending beyond the net system.

3.A.28     Playing SurfaceThe court and the area surrounding the court designated for playing.   [quads id=10] – The courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. and the area surrounding the courtThe court and the area surrounding the court designated for playing.   [quads id=10] designated for playing.

3.A.29      ProfanityWords, phrases or hand gestures, common or uncommon, which are normally considered inappropriate in “polite company” or around children. Typically included are four letter words used as expletives or verbal intensifiers. – Words, phrases, or hand gestures, common or uncommon, which are normally considered inappropriate in “polite company” or around children. Typically included are four-letter words used as expletives or verbal intensifiers.

3.A.30     RallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault. – Continuous playContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault. that occurs after the serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally. and before a faultA rules violation that results in a dead ball and the end of the rally..

3.A.31     ReceiverThe player who is positioned diagonally opposite the server to return the serve. Depending on the team’s score, the player who returns the serve may not be the correct receiver. – The player who is positioned diagonally opposite the serverThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server. to return the serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally.. Depending on the team’s score, the player who returns the serveThe player who is positioned diagonally opposite the server to return the serve. Depending on the team’s score, the player who returns the serve may not be the correct receiver. may not be the correct receiverThe player who is positioned diagonally opposite the server to return the serve. Depending on the team’s score, the player who returns the serve may not be the correct receiver..

3.A.32     ReplayAny rally that is restarted for any reason without the awarding of a point or a change of server. – Any rallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault. that is restartedAny rally that is restarted for any reason without the awarding of a point or a change of server. for any reason without the awarding of a point or a change of serverThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server..

3.A.33    RetirementA player/team’s decision that stops the match and awards the match to the opponent. – A player/team’s decision that stops the match and awards the match to the opponent.

3.A.34     Right/Even CourtThe service area on the right side of the court, when facing the net. The starting server in doubles or the singles server should be positioned on the right/even court when their score is even. – The service area on the right side of the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines., when facing the net. The starting serverFor each doubles team, the player designated to serve first at the start of the game. In doubles tournament play, the starting server shall wear a visible form of identification determined by the Tournament Director. in doubles or the singles serverThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server. should be positioned on the right/even courtThe service area on the right side of the court, when facing the net. The starting server in doubles or the singles server should be positioned on the right/even court when their score is even. when their score is even.

3.A.35    Second ServeIn doubles, a term used to describe the condition when a serving team loses the first of its two allocated serves. – In doubles, a term used to describe the condition when a serving team loses the first of its two allocated serves.

3.A.36     Second ServerIn doubles, the first server’s partner. The second server serves after the first server loses serve. – In doubles, the first server’s partner. The second serverIn doubles, the first server’s partner. The second server serves after the first server loses serve. serves after the first serverIn doubles, the player who shall serve from the right/even service court after a side out, according to the team’s score. loses serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally..

3.A.37     ServeThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally. – The initial strike of the ball to start the rallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault..

3.A.38    ServerThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server. – The player who initiates a rallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault.. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct serverThe player who initiates a rally. Depending on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who serves may not be the correct server..

3.A.39     Service CourtThe area on either side of the centerline, including the centerline, sideline, and baseline, excluding the NVZ. – The area on either side of the centerline, including the centerline, sideline, and baseline, excluding the NVZThe 7-foot-by-20-foot area adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional and does not rise above the playing surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.).

3.A.40     Serving AreaThe area behind the baseline and on and between the imaginary extensions of the court centerline and each sideline. – The area behind the baseline and on and between the imaginary extensions of the courtThe area inside the outer dimensions of the baselines and sidelines. centerline and each sideline.

3.A.41     Side OutThe awarding of the serve to the opposing team after a singles player or doubles team loses its serve. – The awarding of the serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally. to the opposing team after a singles player or doubles team loses its serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally..

3.A.42     Starting ServerFor each doubles team, the player designated to serve first at the start of the game. In doubles tournament play, the starting server shall wear a visible form of identification determined by the Tournament Director. – For each doubles team, the player designated to serveThe initial strike of the ball to start the rally. first at the start of the game. In doubles tournament play, the starting serverFor each doubles team, the player designated to serve first at the start of the game. In doubles tournament play, the starting server shall wear a visible form of identification determined by the Tournament Director. shall wear a visible form of identification determined by the Tournament Director.

3.A.43    Technical FoulA referee’s assessment of a rule or behavioral violation that results in one point being removed from the score of the offending team unless their score is zero, in which case a point shall be added to the score of the opposing side. A technical foul shall be issued if one technical warning has already been given and a second... – A referee’s assessment of a rule or behavioral violation that results in one point being removed from the score of the offending team unless their score is zero, in which case a point shall be added to the score of the opposing side. A technical foulA referee’s assessment of a rule or behavioral violation that results in one point being removed from the score of the offending team unless their score is zero, in which case a point shall be added to the score of the opposing side. A technical foul shall be issued if one technical warning has already been given and a second... shall be issued if one technical warningA referee’s first verbal warning of a rule or behavioral violation given to a player or team prior to a technical foul being issued. Points are not awarded for a technical warning. has already been given and a second technical warningA referee’s first verbal warning of a rule or behavioral violation given to a player or team prior to a technical foul being issued. Points are not awarded for a technical warning. is warranted; or when warranted by a player’s or team’s action, based on the referee’s judgement.

3.A.44    Technical WarningA referee’s first verbal warning of a rule or behavioral violation given to a player or team prior to a technical foul being issued. Points are not awarded for a technical warning. – A referee’s warning of a behavioral violation given to a player or team. Points are neither awarded nor deducted for a technical warningA referee’s first verbal warning of a rule or behavioral violation given to a player or team prior to a technical foul being issued. Points are not awarded for a technical warning..

3.A.45   Verbal WarningA referee’s Verbal Warning (VW) is an optional, non-penalizing, game management tool. A VW is specific to profanity which has not risen to the penalty level (TW or TF). When used, a referee’s VW is simultaneously administered to all players on the court. Only one VW for profanity is permitted during a match. – A referee’s warning of a behavioral violation. A single verbal warningA referee’s Verbal Warning (VW) is an optional, non-penalizing, game management tool. A VW is specific to profanity which has not risen to the penalty level (TW or TF). When used, a referee’s VW is simultaneously administered to all players on the court. Only one VW for profanity is permitted during a match. may be issued to each team once per match.

3.A.46    VolleyDuring a rally, a strike of the ball out of the air before the ball has bounced. – During a rallyContinuous play that occurs after the serve and before a fault., a strike of the ball outA loud word(s) spoken by a player or line judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that a live ball has not touched in the required court space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is “OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”, “long”, “no”, “deep” are also... of the air before the ball has bounced.

3.A.47    Wheelchair PlayerAny person, with or without a disability, who plays the game in a wheelchair. The wheelchair is considered part of the player’s body. This can be a player with a disability or anyone that wants to play in a wheelchair. – Any person, with or without a disability, who plays the game in a wheelchair. The wheelchair is considered part of the player’s body. This can be a player with a disability or anyone that wants to play in a wheelchair.

3.A.48     WithdrawalA player/team’s request to be removed from any upcoming play in a specified bracket. – A player/team’s request to be removed from any upcoming play in a specified bracket.